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Most commonly used Macros in HR ABAP ?
Macro contains some part of source code which it will be useful for number of applications.( Like function modules )
Generally we use two macros in HR ABAP
RP-PROVIDE-FROM-LAST
RP-PROVIDE-FROM-FRST
The macro RP-PROVIDE-FROM-LAST retrieves the last(latest) data record which is valid in the data selection period.
The macro RP-PROVIDE-FROM-FRST retrieves the first(start)data record [...]

Logical database in SAP
The LDB is special type of ABAP program that combines the contents of certain related database tables and retrieve some related data and make it available to application programs.
In other words, a LDB is a method by which ABAP programs read and process the data. The sequence in which the data is [...]